Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

1. chapter 1 · AExE01 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Concept of Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

   1. AExE0101
      Basic concept

      Ohm´s law, electric voltage current, power and energy, conducting and insulating materials. Series and parallel electric circuits, start-delta and delta-star conversion, Kirchhoff’s law, linear and non-linear circuit, bilateral and unilateral circuits, active and passive circuits.

   2. AExE0102
      Network theorems

      concept of superposition theorem, Thevenin`s theorem, Norton`s theorem, maximum power transfer theorem. R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits, resonance in AC series and parallel circuit, active and reactive power.

   3. AExE0103
      Alternating current fundamentals

      Principle of generation of alternating voltages and currents and their equations and waveforms, average, peak and rms values, three phase system.

   4. AExE0104
      Semiconductor devices

      Semiconductor diode and its characteristics, BJT Configuration and biasing, small and large signal model, working principle and application of MOSFET and CMOS.

   5. AExE0105
      Signal generator

      Basic Principles of Oscillator, RC, LC and Crystal Oscillators Circuits. Waveform generators.

   6. AExE0106
      Amplifiers

      Classification of Output Stages, Class A Output Stage, Class B Output Stage, Class AB Output Stage, Biasing the Class AB Stage, Power BJTs, Transformer-Coupled Push-Pull Stages, and Tuned Amplifiers, op-amps.

2. chapter 2 · AExE02 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Digital Logic and Microprocessor

   1. AExE0201
      Digital logic

      Number Systems, Logic Levels, Logic Gates, Boolean algebra, Sum-of-Products Method, Product-of-Sums Method, Truth Table to Karnaugh Map.

   2. AExE0202
      Combinational and arithmetic circuits

      Multiplexetures, Demultiplexetures, Decoder, Encoder, Binary Addition, Binary Subtraction, operation on Unsigned and Signed Binary Numbers.

   3. AExE0203
      Sequential logic circuit

      RS Flip-Flops, Gated Flip-Flops, Edge Triggered Flip-Flops, Mater- Slave Flip-Flops. Types of Registers, Applications of Shift Registers, Asynchronous Counters, Synchronous Counters.

   4. AExE0204
      Microprocessor

      Internal Architecture and Features of microprocessor, Assembly Language Programming.

   5. AExE0205
      Microprocessor system

      Memory Device Classification and Hierarchy, Interfacing I/O and Memory Parallel Interface. Introduction to Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI), Serial Interface, Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission, Serial Interface Standards. Introduction to Direct Memory Access (DMA) and DMA Controllers.

   6. AExE0206
      Interrupt operations

      Interrupt, Interrupt Service Routine, and Interrupt Processing.

3. chapter 3 · ACtE03 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Programming Language and Its Applications

   1. ACtE0301
      Introduction to C programming

      C Tokens, Operators, Formatted/Unformatted Input/output, Control Statements, Looping, User-defined functions, Recursive functions, Array (1-D, 2-D, Multi- dimensional), and String manipulations.

   2. ACtE0302
      Pointers, structure and data files in C programming

      Pointer Arithmetic, Pointer and array, passing pointer to function, Structure vs Union, array of structure, passing structure to function, structure and pointer, Input/output operations on files, and Sequential and Random Access to File.

   3. ACtE0303
      C++ language constructs with objects and classes

      Namespace, Function Overloading, Inline functions, Default Argument, Pass/Return by reference, introduction to Class and object, Access Specifiers, Objects and the Member Access, Defining Member Function, Constructor and its type, and Destructor, Dynamic memory allocation for objects and object array, this Pointer, static Data Member and static Function, Constant Member Functions and Constant Objects, Friend Function and Friend Classes.

   4. ACtE0304
      Features of object-oriented programming

      Operator overloading (unary, binary), data conversion, Inheritance (single, multiple, multilevel, hybrid, multipath), constructor/destructor in single/multilevel inheritances.

   5. ACtE0305
      Pure virtual function and file handling

      Virtual function, dynamic binding, defining opening and closing a file, Input / Output operations on files, Error handling during input/output operations, Stream Class Hierarchy for Console Input /Output, Unformatted Input /Output Formatted Input /Output with ios Member functions and Flags, Formatting with Manipulators.

   6. ACtE0306
      Generic programming and exception handling

      Function Template, Overloading Function Template, Class Template, Function Definition of Class Template, Standard Template Library (Containers, Algorithms, Iterators), Exception Handling Constructs (try, catch, throw), Multiple Exception Handling, Rethrowing Exception, Catching All Exceptions, Exception with Arguments, Exceptions Specification for Function, Handling Uncaught and Unexpected Exceptions.

4. chapter 4 · ACtE04 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Computer Organization and Embedded System

   1. ACtE0401
      Control and central processing units

      Control Memory, addressing sequencing, Computer configuration, Microinstruction Format, Design of control unit, CPU Structure and Function, Arithmetic and logic Unit, Instruction formats, addressing modes, Data transfer and manipulation, RISC and CISC Pipelining parallel processing.

   2. ACtE0402
      Computer arithmetic and memory system

      Arithmetic and Logical operation, The Memory Hierarchy, Internal and External memory, Cache memory principles, Elements of Cache design - Cache size, Mapping function, Replacement algorithm, write policy, Number of caches, Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence, Composing Memory.

   3. ACtE0403
      Input-Output organization and multiprocessor

      Peripheral devices, I/O modules Input-output interface, Modes of transfer Direct Memory access, Characteristics of multiprocessors, Interconnection Structure, Inter-processor Communication and synchronization.

   4. ACtE0404
      Hardware-Software design issues on embedded system

      Embedded Systems overview, Classification of Embedded Systems. Custom Single-Purpose Processor Design, Optimizing Custom Single-Purpose Processors, Basic Architecture, Operation and Programmer’s View, Development Environment. Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processors.

   5. ACtE0405
      Real-Time operating and control system

      Operating System Basics, Task, Process, and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling, Task Synchronization, Device Drivers, Open-loop and Close-Loop control System overview, Control.

   6. ACtE0406
      Hardware descripts language and IC technology

      VHDL Overview, Overflow and data representation using VHDL. Design of combinational and sequential logic using VHDL. Pipelining using VHDL.

5. chapter 5 · ACtE05 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Concept of Computer Network and Network Security System

   1. ACtE0501
      Introduction to computer networks and physical layer

      Networking model, Protocols and Standards, OSI model and TCP/IP model, Networking Devices (Hubs, Bridges, Switches, and Routers) and Transmission media.

   2. ACtE0502
      Data link layer

      Services, Error Detection and Corrections, Flow Control, Data Link Protocol, Multiple access protocols, LAN addressing and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), Ethernet, IEEE 802.3(Ethernet), 802.4(Token Bus), 802.5(Token Ring), CSMA/CD, Wireless LANs, PPP (Point to Point Protocol), Wide area protocols.

   3. ACtE0503
      Network layer

      Addressing (Internet address, classful address), Subnetting, Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP, Unicast and multicast routing protocols), Routing algorithms (shortest path algorithm, flooding, distance vector routing, link state routing) Routing Protocols (ARP, RARP, IP, ICMP), and IPv6 (Packet formats, Extension headers, Transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and Multicasting).

   4. ACtE0504
      Transport layer

      The transport service, Transport protocols, Port and Socket, Connection establishment & Connection release, Flow control & buffering, Multiplexing & de-multiplexing, Congestion control algorithm.

   5. ACtE0505
      Application layer

      Web (HTTP & HTTPS), File Transfer (FTP, PuTTY, Win SCP), Electronic Mail, DNS, P2P Applications, Socket Programming, Application server concept, and Concept of traffic analyzer (MRTG, PRTG, SNMP, Packet tracer, Wireshark).

   6. ACtE0506
      Network security

      Types of Computer Security, Types of Security Attacks, Principles of cryptography, RSA Algorithm, Digital Signatures, securing e-mail (PGP), Securing TCP connections (SSL), Network layer security (IPsec, VPN), Securing wireless LANs (WEP), Firewalls.

6. chapter 6 · AExE06 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Electromagnetic Waves and Propagation

   1. AExE0601
      Electric field

      Electric field and flux density. Significance of divergence, Divergence theorem. Electric potential, potential gradient, Energy density in electrostatic field, Free and bound charges, polarization, relative permittivity, electric dipole, Electric Boundary conditions. Current, current density, conservation of charge, continuity equation, relaxation time. Boundary value problems, Laplace and Poisson equations and their solutions, uniqueness theorem.

   2. AExE0602
      Magnetic field

      Biot-Savart’s law, Magnetic field intensity and flux density Ampere’s circuital law and its application, Physical significance of curl, Stoke’s theorem. Magnetic force, magnetic torque, magnetic moment, magnetic dipole, magnetization. Magnetic boundary condition.

   3. AExE0603
      Wave equation and wave propagation

      Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations in integral and point forms. Wave propagation in lossless and lossy dielectric, Plane waves in free space, lossless dielectric, good conductor. Reflection of plane wave at normal and oblique incidence.

   4. AExE0604
      Wave-guides and antenna

      Rectangular wave guide. Transverse electric mode, transverse magnetic mode. Antenna Radiation, Theorem and Parameters.

   5. AExE0605
      Antenna’s classification

      Isotropic antenna, Omni directional antenna; Dipole, Directional antennas, Travelling wave antennas – single wire, V and Rhombus Reflector antennas – large plane sheet, small plane sheet, linear, corner, parabolic, elliptical, hyperbolic and circular reflector. Aperture antenna horn Array antennas – Yagi Uda, Log Periodic Other antennas – Monopole, Loop, Helical, Micro strip.

   6. AExE0606
      Propagation and radio frequency spectrum

      Ground or surface wave, Space wave, duct propagation, Ionospheric or sky wave. Critical frequency, Troposphere wave. Free space propagation, Plane earth propagation.

7. chapter 7 · AExE07 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Communication System

   1. AExE0701
      Communications system

      Basic building blocks of analog and digital communication systems, Signal and noise in communication system.

   2. AExE0702
      Representation of signals and systems in communication

      Low pass and Band pass signals and systems, bandwidth of a system, distortion less transmission, the Hilbert transform and its application.

   3. AExE0703
      Modulation

      Time domain expression, Frequency domain representation of AM, FM & PM signals. Types of AM & FM signals. Modulation, Demodulation and Bandwidth requirement of AM & FM signal. Digital Modulation & Demodulation of ASK, FSK & PSK signal. M-array data communication system.

   4. AExE0704
      Digital communication systems

      Process of Analog to Digital Communication system, Source Coding, Pulse Modulation Technique, Pulse Code Modulation, Types of Quantization, Quantization Noise. Shannon Hartly channel capacity theorem. Multiplexing.

   5. AExE0705
      Baseband and band pass data communication systems

      Introduction to information theory, Measure of information, line codes, pulse shaping, error control coding techniques.

   6. AExE0706
      Random signals and noise in communication system

      Random Signal and processes, White Noise, Thermal Noise, Bandlimited White Noise, the PSDF and AC function of White Noise.

8. chapter 8 · AExE08 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Signal System and Digital Signal Processing

   1. AExE0801
      Signal and system

      Signal definition, Impulse response and convolution, Fourier series, Fourier Transform, Unit step, Delta, Sinc & Signum function, Hilbert transform, LTI system Continuous time Fourier series representation, Properties of continuous time Fourier Series. Discrete time Fourier series representation, Properties of discrete time Fourier series, Continuous time Fourier transform representation, Properties. Energy spectral densities, power spectral density, discrete time Fourier transform representation and Properties.

   2. AExE0802
      Linear time invariant system

      Ideal sampling, linear time invariant (LTI) system, properties of LTI system, frequency response of LTI system, Ideal low pass filter, impulse response and step response of ideal low pass filter. Frequency response of LTI system, Stability of LTI systems, Implementation of LTI system.

   3. AExE0803
      Z-Transform and discrete Fourier transform

      Definition of the z-transform, Region of convergence, Relationship to causality. Inverse z-transform, Convolution, Parseval’s theorem’s-transform function H (z)-transient and steady state sinusoidal response, pole-zero relationship stability. Frequency domain sampling and reconstruction, Relationship of the DFT to other transforms. Properties of the Discrete Fourier Transform, Multiplication of two DFTs and Circular Convolution.

   4. AExE0804
      Implementation of discrete-time system

      Structures for FIR and IIR, Conversion between direct form and lattice and vice versa, Lattice and lattice-ladder for IIR. Digital filters, finite precision implementations of discrete filters, Representation of Numbers; fixed point and floating binary point, Effect of Rounding and truncation, Quantization of filter coefficients and effects on location of poles, and zeros.

   5. AExE0805
      IIR filter design and FIR filter design

      IIR filter design by classical filter design. IIR filter design by Impulse-invariant method, IIR low pass discrete filter design. FIR filter design by Fourier approximation. FIR filters using window function, Design of linear phase FIR filter by the frequency sampling method, FIR filter design using the Remez exchange algorithm. Design of optimum equi-ripple linear-phase FIR filters.

   6. AExE0806
      Digital filter

      Implementation of digital filter, Applications of FFT algorithms.

9. chapter 9 · AExE09 · 10 questions · 10 marks

   Wireless and Telecommunication System

   1. AExE0901
      Telecommunication and its evolution

      History of telecommunication. Generations and future trends. Telecommunication transmission media.

   2. AExE0902
      Cellular network

      Free space propagation model, Reflection, diffraction and scattering; small scale multipath propagation and fading model, Rayleigh fading model, cellular concept frequency reuse Strategies Channel assignment and handover process, coverage and capacity in cellular system, cell splitting and cell sectoring concept.

   3. AExE0903
      Signal and system

      Equalization and diversity techniques, Spread Spectrum modulation, Multiple Access techniques.

   4. AExE0904
      Switching systems

      Digital and analog switching, soft switching, Routing and Signaling.

   5. AExE0905
      Traffic engineering

      Tele traffic parameters (busy hour, grade of service, service levels, and traffic intensity). Traffic routing in wireless networks, common channel signaling, integrated services digital networks. Packet vs circuit switching for PCN, protocol for network access.

   6. AExE0906
      Rules and regulations

      International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Nepal Telecommunication Authority (NTA), Ministry of Communication and Information, National frequency allocation plan, Radio act.

10. chapter 10 · AALL10 · 10 questions · 10 marks

    Project Planning, Design and Implementation

    1. AALL1001
       Engineering drawings and its concepts

       Fundamentals of standard drawing sheets, dimensions, scale, line diagram, orthographic projection, isometric projection/view, pictorial views, and sectional drawing.

    2. AALL1002
       Engineering Economics

       understanding of project cash flow; discount rate, interest and time value of money; basic methodologies for engineering economics analysis (Discounted Payback Period, NPV, IRR & MARR); comparison of alternatives, depreciation system and taxation system in Nepal.

    3. AALL1003
       Project planning and scheduling

       project classifications; project life cycle phases; project planning process; project scheduling (bar chart, CPM, PERT); resources levelling and smoothing; monitoring/evaluation/controlling.

    4. AALL1004
       Project management

       Information system; project risk analysis and management; project financing, tender and its process, and contract management.

    5. AALL1005
       Engineering professional practice

       Environment and society; professional ethics; regulatory environment; contemporary issues/problems in engineering; occupational health and safety; roles/responsibilities of Nepal Engineers Association (NEA).

    6. AALL1006
       Engineering Regulatory Body

       Nepal Engineering Council (Acts & Regulations). (AALL1006) Full Course Available on PANA ACADEMY 9851420233 / 9851342670 / 9808100083 panaacademy.com.

always check the latest syllabus on the official Nepal Engineering Council website (nec.gov.np).